Q1. Define the meaning of the terms data, information and knowledge according to Thomas Davenport's Information Hierarchy (1997).
a. Data: symbols
b. Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions.
c. Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions.[1]
Q2. What are the characteristics of the above terms?
a. Data is a collection of processed information. In computer terminology, data often refers to user and configuration files. All digital photographs, email messages, music and video files, webbrowser bookmarks, and other files are considered user data.
b. Information as a concept has a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings which is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.
c. Knowledge is defined as expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education, the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, what is known in a particular field or in total, the facts and information or awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.
Q3. Give and example for each term mentioned above.
a. Data: The box is 3' wide, 3' deep, and 6' high
b. Information: There is a smaller compartment inside the box with ice in it
c. Knowledge: It is colder inside the box than it is outside
Q4. Is there any possibility of a fourth level of Information Hierarchy? Elaborate.
Yes. The fourth level of information hierarchy is wisdom, known as an extrapolative and non-deterministic, non-probabilistic process. It relate to all the previous levels of consciousness, and specifically upon special types of human programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.). It beckons to give us understanding about which there has previously been no understanding, and in doing so, goes far beyond understanding itself. It is the essence of philosophical probing. [1]
References
1. Gene Bellinger, Durval Castro and Anthony Mills. (2004) Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. Retrieved from http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm
2. What-Is-What.com Retrieved from http://what-is-what.com/what_is/data.html
3. Nikhil Sharma, The Origin of the “Data Information Knowledge Wisdom” Hierarchy. Retrieved from http://www-personal.si.umich.edu/~nsharma/dikw_origin.htm
1 comment:
Your answer for data definition is quite 'abrupt' to me. You should define properly.
What about reference for 2nd answer? I don't see reference number there.
The examples of data, information and knowledge somehow relate to each other, but the relationship is not so clear.
If all answers refer to the first reference ("[1]"), what about the other 2 references?
Overall, good effort!
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